Naphthenic oils have less or no wax, and they remain fluid in lower temperatures than paraffinic oils. The more the oil cools down the bigger the crystals grow, eventually forming a flow-preventing network within the oil. In paraffinic oils, stiffening is caused by the wax in the oil, which is distinguishable as crystals. The pour point depends on, e.g., the viscosity and chemical structure of the oil. This temperature is called the pour point. At a certain temperature it no longer flows by its own weight. The ignition point is usually 10-50 ☌ higher than the flash point. Ignition point is the temperature at which the gases vaporized from the fluid when heated in an open cup burn for at least five seconds when ignited with a naked flame. Flash point is the temperature at which, measured from the fluid with a certain method, flammable gases are vaporized so much that they flame up when ignited with a naked flame, but the fluid does not carry on burning. The flash point expresses the flammability of a fluid. of single-grade motor oils is about 95-110, and that of multi-grade motor oils even higher than 200. The stronger the fluid thinning the smaller the viscosity index. Viscosity index (V.I.) describes the fluid’s tendency to thin as the temperature rises. It measures the time the oil requires to flow from point m1 to point m2. Kinematic viscosity is measured by the pictured Ubbelohde viscometer. A typical viscosity of motor oil SAE 10W at a temperature of -20 ☌ may be 2,000 cP, but if it heats up to a temperature of +100 ☌ the viscosity is only 5.2 cSt. All oils become much thinner as the temperature rises. The temperature must always be given when expressing viscosity with any unit. The connection of cSt and cP is cP = cSt x fluid density. Centipoise (cP)Ĭentipoise is a unit of dynamic viscosity, often used for expressing the internal friction of oil in low temperatures. Centistoke (cSt)Ĭentistoke is a unit of kinematic viscosity, based on the amount of force required to beat the internal friction of fluid. Nowadays, lubricant viscosity is usually expressed with the units centistoke (mm2/s) and centipoise (mPas). The thicker a fluid is, the greater its viscosity. Lubricant densities range between about 700 and 950 kg/m3, depending on the quality, viscosity and additive content of the lubricant. In oils, it is usually indicated in the temperature of +15☌ or +20☌, in units kg/m3. Chemical recycling: reduced GHG emissions and fossil resource useĭensity means the volume weight of a substance.Questions and answers about Neste and plastics.
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